Many parents who smoke try to shield their kids from their unhealthy habit -- but those who vape may not take the same precautions, a new study suggests.
The study surveyed over 700 parents who smoked cigarettes, used e-cigarettes or both. The researchers found that most -- regardless of their product of choice -- had a "strict" smoke-free policy at home.
Yet few e-cigarette users had banned vaping from their homes: Only around one-quarter had done so -- versus 73 percent of parents who only smoked cigarettes.
Altogether, the findings suggest that parents who vape are unaware of the risks to their kids, said senior researcher Dr. Jonathan Winickoff, of Massachusetts General Hospital, in Boston.
"We really think parents are being misled by 'Big Tobacco,'" Winickoff said.
E-cigarettes are electronic devices that work by heating a liquid that contains nicotine, flavorings and other chemicals. There's no tobacco, but the devices produce an aerosol that sends fine particles and chemicals into the air.
According to Linda Richter, director of policy research and analysis for the New York-based nonprofit Center on Addiction, "The aerosol produced by vaping is by no means 'harmless' water vapor."
Being around the aerosol can irritate the eyes, throat and lungs -- and may worsen asthma or any other respiratory problems a child has, said Richter, who was not involved in the study.
Then there's the nicotine. "Secondhand exposure can result in measurable levels of nicotine in the bloodstream, at levels similar to secondhand exposure to cigarette smoke," Richter said.
For those reasons, she added, the World Health Organization says e-cigarettes should not be used indoors.
That message does not seem to be reaching parents, however.
Winickoff pointed out that "the message on secondhand smoke has been out there for 30 years." In contrast, he noted, e-cigarettes are being marketed as a safer alternative to smoking that will help people quit tobacco.
"The reality is, they're a way of maintaining nicotine addiction," Winickoff said.
It's not clear whether e-cigarette users in this study were trying to quit smoking. But the devices are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for smoking cessation. Winickoff recommended that parents instead try FDA-approved products, such as nicotine patches or gum, or the prescription medication bupropion.
And if you do choose to vape, "never do it in your home or car," Winickoff stressed.
"Infants and children have the right to breathe clean air," he said, "and e-cigarettes interfere with that right."
The findings are based on surveys of 761 parents -- 85 percent of whom smoked only cigarettes. Just under 11 percent both smoked and vaped, while 4.5 percent used only e-cigarettes.
Of the parents who used both products, 64 percent said they had a strict smoke-free home policy, but only 26 percent had a no-vaping policy. Most also allowed vaping in their cars. The pattern was similar among parents who only used e-cigarettes.
In contrast, the majority of traditional cigarette smokers said they'd banned both cigarettes and e-cigarettes from the home, the findings showed.
Besides the potential harm from secondhand exposure to vaping aerosol, there's another concern: Kids learn from their parents' habits.
There's a vaping "epidemic" among teenagers right now, Winickoff said, and if kids see their parents doing it, that will reinforce the notion that it's harmless.
Richter agreed. "One of the main predictors of young people's use of e-cigarettes -- or any addictive substance -- is the example set by their parents and other important people in their lives," she said.
On top of that, Richter added, the devices simply appeal to kids -- with their "child-friendly sweet flavors" and "sleek" designs.
Since most e-cigarette users in this study did keep their homes smoke-free, Richter said, it's clear they cared about their kids' health. They probably were simply unaware that their vaping habit might do harm, too, she said.
"Health professionals and public officials need to do a much better job of educating the public about the harms of e-cigarettes -- to both those who use these products and the people around them," Richter said.
The study surveyed over 700 parents who smoked cigarettes, used e-cigarettes or both. The researchers found that most -- regardless of their product of choice -- had a "strict" smoke-free policy at home.
Yet few e-cigarette users had banned vaping from their homes: Only around one-quarter had done so -- versus 73 percent of parents who only smoked cigarettes.
Altogether, the findings suggest that parents who vape are unaware of the risks to their kids, said senior researcher Dr. Jonathan Winickoff, of Massachusetts General Hospital, in Boston.
"We really think parents are being misled by 'Big Tobacco,'" Winickoff said.
E-cigarettes are electronic devices that work by heating a liquid that contains nicotine, flavorings and other chemicals. There's no tobacco, but the devices produce an aerosol that sends fine particles and chemicals into the air.
According to Linda Richter, director of policy research and analysis for the New York-based nonprofit Center on Addiction, "The aerosol produced by vaping is by no means 'harmless' water vapor."
Being around the aerosol can irritate the eyes, throat and lungs -- and may worsen asthma or any other respiratory problems a child has, said Richter, who was not involved in the study.
Then there's the nicotine. "Secondhand exposure can result in measurable levels of nicotine in the bloodstream, at levels similar to secondhand exposure to cigarette smoke," Richter said.
For those reasons, she added, the World Health Organization says e-cigarettes should not be used indoors.
That message does not seem to be reaching parents, however.
Winickoff pointed out that "the message on secondhand smoke has been out there for 30 years." In contrast, he noted, e-cigarettes are being marketed as a safer alternative to smoking that will help people quit tobacco.
"The reality is, they're a way of maintaining nicotine addiction," Winickoff said.
It's not clear whether e-cigarette users in this study were trying to quit smoking. But the devices are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for smoking cessation. Winickoff recommended that parents instead try FDA-approved products, such as nicotine patches or gum, or the prescription medication bupropion.
And if you do choose to vape, "never do it in your home or car," Winickoff stressed.
"Infants and children have the right to breathe clean air," he said, "and e-cigarettes interfere with that right."
The findings are based on surveys of 761 parents -- 85 percent of whom smoked only cigarettes. Just under 11 percent both smoked and vaped, while 4.5 percent used only e-cigarettes.
Of the parents who used both products, 64 percent said they had a strict smoke-free home policy, but only 26 percent had a no-vaping policy. Most also allowed vaping in their cars. The pattern was similar among parents who only used e-cigarettes.
In contrast, the majority of traditional cigarette smokers said they'd banned both cigarettes and e-cigarettes from the home, the findings showed.
Besides the potential harm from secondhand exposure to vaping aerosol, there's another concern: Kids learn from their parents' habits.
There's a vaping "epidemic" among teenagers right now, Winickoff said, and if kids see their parents doing it, that will reinforce the notion that it's harmless.
Richter agreed. "One of the main predictors of young people's use of e-cigarettes -- or any addictive substance -- is the example set by their parents and other important people in their lives," she said.
On top of that, Richter added, the devices simply appeal to kids -- with their "child-friendly sweet flavors" and "sleek" designs.
Since most e-cigarette users in this study did keep their homes smoke-free, Richter said, it's clear they cared about their kids' health. They probably were simply unaware that their vaping habit might do harm, too, she said.
"Health professionals and public officials need to do a much better job of educating the public about the harms of e-cigarettes -- to both those who use these products and the people around them," Richter said.
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is rare and thought to mainly affect people with hard-to-treat seizures, but a new study suggests that even people with well-controlled epilepsy may be at risk.
ReplyDeleteThat was especially true if someone had missed their last dose of medication or was sleep-deprived, the researchers found. Drinking too much alcohol was also implicated in some of the sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) cases they studied.
"If you have high blood pressure or high cholesterol, you can probably get away with taking your medicine only 80% or 90% of the time. But if you have epilepsy and you miss one dose, it can be deadly if the right stressor or hormonal factors are present," explained the study's senior author, Dr. Orrin Devinsky. He's director of the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center at NYU Langone Health in New York City.
Devinsky said the researchers don't want to scare people with epilepsy and their loved ones. He said sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is, indeed, rare.
"For the average person with epilepsy, there's about a 1% chance of dying from SUDEP over a year," he said.
But SUDEP can occur in anyone with epilepsy, and Devinsky wants people to be aware of the risk and take steps -- such as making sure to take epilepsy medications as directed -- to lessen the chances of sudden death.
Many people are unaware that sudden death is a risk in epilepsy. In fact, the current study found that only 16% of close family members of people who died from SUDEP had been told that it was a possibility.
Devinsky said that these are uncomfortable conversations to have, and that many neurologists will only bring up SUDEP if someone has missed taking their medications. But he said it's similar to a cardiologist warning you that you have a risk of heart attack if you have conditions like high blood pressure and high cholesterol.
Previous studies found that people who had recently had a seizure or those who had difficult seizures were more likely to die suddenly. It was also thought that people who had generalized tonic-clonic seizures were more likely to have SUDEP. These are whole-body seizures that cause convulsions and a loss of consciousness.
The current study looked at cases referred to the North American SUDEP Registry, which was set up in 2011. There were 237 cases of probable or definite SUDEP. The researchers looked deeper into these cases, collecting information from family members and medical records.
Deaths occurred at any age, ranging from one to 70 years old. The average age of death was 26, the study found.
Fifteen percent of those who died had been seizure-free for a year before their death. Four percent had never had a tonic-clonic seizure, the findings showed. About one-third of people who died had fewer than 10 generalized tonic-clonic seizures in their lifetime.
In most cases -- 93% -- SUDEP occurred when the person was alone. Seventy percent of the deaths happened during sleep.
Just 37% had taken their last prescribed dose of epilepsy medication. Their next of kin said about one-third sometimes forgot medication, skipped doses, stopped taking their medication, or took less of a drug to reduce side effects.
Devinsky said the reason for these deaths still isn't clear. He said that after a seizure, the brain may be in the "off" position for a short time, and that the usual warning systems might not be functioning properly. So, if a seizure leaves someone in a face down position and unable to breathe, their brain may not send the typical arousal signals to move and make breathing possible again.